cut

The cut command selects specified character positions or fields from each input line. It works best with consistently structured text whose delimiters and field positions are known.

Create a small tab-separated file for the examples. printf interprets \t as a literal tab and \n as a newline:

$ printf 'name\trole\nalice\tadmin\nbob\tviewer\n' > team.tsv

Selecting Character Positions

Use -c LIST to select positions from each line. Positions start at 1:

$ cut -c 1 team.tsv
n
a
b

The list can contain individual positions and ranges:

$ cut -c 1-4 team.tsv
name
alic
bob
$ cut -c 1,3 team.tsv
nm
ai
bb

Spaces, tabs, and punctuation occupy positions too. cut processes each line independently.

Selecting Tab-Delimited Fields

Use -f LIST to select fields. The default delimiter is a tab:

$ cut -f 2 team.tsv
role
admin
viewer

As with character selection, a list can include values such as 1, 1,3, 2-4, -3, or 2-.

Choosing a Custom Delimiter

Use -d CHARACTER with -f when fields use a delimiter other than a tab. This example creates semicolon-separated data:

$ printf 'alice;admin\nbob;viewer\n' > team.txt
$ cut -d ';' -f 1 team.txt
alice
bob

The delimiter for this form is one character. Quote ; because an unquoted semicolon has control meaning in the shell.

Handling Lines without the Delimiter

In field mode, cut normally prints a line unchanged when it contains no delimiter. Add -s to suppress those lines:

$ printf 'alice;admin\nheader\nbob;viewer\n' | cut -s -d ';' -f 2
admin
viewer

This does not validate a general CSV file. CSV can contain quoted delimiters, embedded newlines, and escaping rules that a single-character split does not understand; use a CSV-aware tool for such data.

Reading from stdin

When no file is named, or when - is used as an input operand, cut reads stdin. That makes it a natural pipeline stage:

$ printf 'red:1\nblue:2\n' | cut -d ':' -f 1
red
blue

To practice positional and field selection, try these hands-on labs:

1. Linux cut Command: Text Cutting - This lab provides a direct, hands-on introduction to the cut command, allowing you to practice extracting specific columns or fields from text files, just as discussed in the lesson.
2. Sequence Control and Pipeline - Enhance your command-line efficiency by learning to control command execution sequences, utilize pipelines, and leverage powerful text processing tools like cut, grep, wc, sort, and uniq.

Summary

You can now select predictable positions from line-oriented text with cut.

1. Select individual character positions or ranges.
2. Extract tab-delimited fields with -f.
3. Supply a one-character delimiter with -d.
4. Suppress undelimited lines when appropriate.
5. Read structured text from files or stdin.